refactoring

Cargo.toml

@@ -2,6 +2,24 @@
 members = ["talc-lang", "talc-bin", "talc-std", "talc-macros"]
 resolver = "2"
 
+
+[workspace.lints.clippy]
+semicolon_if_nothing_returned = "warn"
+allow_attributes = "warn"
+inconsistent_struct_constructor = "warn"
+uninlined_format_args = "warn"
+single_match_else = "warn"
+redundant_closure_for_method_calls = "warn"
+redundant_closure = "warn"
+redundant_closure_call = "warn"
+map_unwrap_or = "warn"
+map_clone = "warn"
+manual_assert = "warn"
+needless_pass_by_value = "warn"
+unnested_or_patterns = "warn"
+redundant_else = "warn"
+
+
 [profile.release-opt]
 inherits = "release"
 lto = "fat"
@@ -10,3 +28,4 @@ codegen-units = 1
 panic = "abort"
 
 
+

talc-bin/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.81.0"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [[bin]]
 name = "talc"
 path = "src/main.rs"

talc-bin/src/helper.rs

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl Highlighter for TalcHelper {
 			buf += format;
 			buf += token.content;
 			if !format.is_empty() {
-				buf += "\x1b[0m"
+				buf += "\x1b[0m";
 			}
 		}
 		buf += &line[(last.idx as usize)..];
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ impl Validator for TalcHelper {
 			match k {
 				K::Eof => break,
 				K::LParen | K::LBrack | K::LBrace | K::If | K::While | K::For | K::Try => {
-					delims.push(token.kind)
+					delims.push(token.kind);
 				}
 				K::RParen => match delims.pop() {
 					Some(K::LParen) => (),

talc-bin/src/main.rs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ fn exec(name: Symbol, src: &str, args: &Args) -> ExitCode {
 	}
 
 	if args.show_ast {
-		eprintln!("{}", ex);
+		eprintln!("{ex}");
 	}
 
 	let func = match compile(&ex, Some(name)) {

talc-bin/src/repl.rs

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ fn read_init_file(args: &Args) -> Result<Option<String>, std::io::Error> {
 }
 
 fn exec_line(
-	vm: Rc<RefCell<Vm>>,
+	vm: &mut Vm,
 	line: &str,
 	args: &Args,
 	c: &ReplColors,
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ fn exec_line(
 	}
 
 	if args.show_ast {
-		eprintln!("{}", ex);
+		eprintln!("{ex}");
 	}
 
 	let func = match compile_repl(&ex, globals) {
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ fn exec_line(
 		}
 	}
 
-	let mut vm = vm.borrow_mut();
+	//let mut vm = vm.borrow_mut();
 	match vm.run_function(func.clone(), vec![func.into()]) {
 		Ok(v) => {
 			let prev2 = vm.get_global(*SYM_PREV2).unwrap().clone();
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ pub fn repl(args: &Args) -> ExitCode {
 	rl.set_helper(Some(TalcHelper::new(vm.clone())));
 
 	if let Some(src) = init_src {
-		exec_line(vm.clone(), &src, args, &c, &mut globals);
+		exec_line(&mut vm.borrow_mut(), &src, args, &c, &mut globals);
 	}
 
 	loop {
@@ -214,6 +214,6 @@ pub fn repl(args: &Args) -> ExitCode {
 			}
 		};
 
-		exec_line(vm.clone(), &line, args, &c, &mut globals);
+		exec_line(&mut vm.borrow_mut(), &line, args, &c, &mut globals);
 	}
 }

talc-lang/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.81.0"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
 num = { version = "0.4", features = [] }
 lazy_static = "1.5"

talc-lang/src/compiler.rs

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ pub fn compile_repl(expr: &Expr, globals: &mut Vec<Symbol>) -> Result<Function>
 	Ok(comp.finish_repl(globals))
 }
 
-impl<'a> Default for Compiler<'a> {
+impl Default for Compiler<'_> {
 	fn default() -> Self {
 		let mut scope = HashMap::new();
 		scope.insert(*SYM_SELF, VarKind::Local(0));
@@ -355,15 +355,13 @@ impl<'a> Compiler<'a> {
 				self.emit(I::LoadClosedLocal(Arg24::from_usize(n)));
 			}
 			ResolveOutcome::InParent => {
-				let n = match self.closes.iter().position(|(n, _)| *n == name) {
-					Some(n) => n,
-					None => {
-						let n = self.closes.len();
-						self.closes.push((name, n));
-						n
-					}
-				};
-				self.emit(I::LoadUpvalue(Arg24::from_usize(n)));
+				let pos = self.closes.iter().position(|(n, _)| *n == name);
+				let idx = pos.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+					let idx = self.closes.len();
+					self.closes.push((name, idx));
+					idx
+				});
+				self.emit(I::LoadUpvalue(Arg24::from_usize(idx)));
 			}
 			ResolveOutcome::None | ResolveOutcome::Var(VarKind::Global) => {
 				self.emit(I::LoadGlobal(Arg24::from_symbol(name)));
@@ -412,15 +410,13 @@ impl<'a> Compiler<'a> {
 				self.emit(I::StoreClosedLocal(Arg24::from_usize(n)));
 			}
 			ResolveOutcome::InParent => {
-				let n = match self.closes.iter().position(|(n, _)| *n == name) {
-					Some(n) => n,
-					None => {
-						let n = self.closes.len();
-						self.closes.push((name, n));
-						n
-					}
-				};
-				self.emit(I::StoreUpvalue(Arg24::from_usize(n)));
+				let pos = self.closes.iter().position(|(n, _)| *n == name);
+				let idx = pos.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+					let idx = self.closes.len();
+					self.closes.push((name, idx));
+					idx
+				});
+				self.emit(I::StoreUpvalue(Arg24::from_usize(idx)));
 			}
 			ResolveOutcome::Var(VarKind::Global) => {
 				self.emit(I::StoreGlobal(Arg24::from_symbol(name)));
@@ -878,7 +874,7 @@ impl<'a> Compiler<'a> {
 
 				self.emit(I::ListDestructure(
 					i.unwrap_or(len),
-					i.map(|n| len - n - 1).unwrap_or(0),
+					i.map_or(0, |n| len - n - 1),
 					i.is_some(),
 				));
 

talc-lang/src/exception.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use crate::{
 	lstring::LStr,
 	symbol::{Symbol, SYM_MSG, SYM_TYPE},
-	value::{HashValue, Value},
+	value::Value,
 };
-use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, fmt::Display, rc::Rc};
+use std::{fmt::Display, rc::Rc};
 
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Exception>;
 
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ impl Exception {
 		Self { ty, msg }
 	}
 
-	pub fn from_table(table: &Rc<RefCell<HashMap<HashValue, Value>>>) -> Option<Self> {
+	pub fn from_value(value: &Value) -> Option<Self> {
+		let Value::Table(table) = value else {
+			return None
+		};
 		let table = table.borrow();
 		let ty = table.get(&(*SYM_TYPE).into())?;
 		let msg = table.get(&(*SYM_MSG).into())?;
@@ -32,11 +35,11 @@ impl Exception {
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub fn to_table(self) -> Rc<RefCell<HashMap<HashValue, Value>>> {
-		let mut table = HashMap::new();
+	pub fn to_value(self) -> Value {
+		Value::new_table(|table| {
 			table.insert((*SYM_TYPE).into(), self.ty.into());
 			table.insert((*SYM_MSG).into(), Value::String(self.msg));
-		Rc::new(RefCell::new(table))
+		})
 	}
 }
 

talc-lang/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,3 @@
-#![allow(clippy::mutable_key_type)]
-#![warn(clippy::semicolon_if_nothing_returned)]
-#![warn(clippy::allow_attributes)]
-#![warn(clippy::inconsistent_struct_constructor)]
-#![warn(clippy::uninlined_format_args)]
-
 pub mod chunk;
 pub mod compiler;
 pub mod exception;

talc-lang/src/lstring.rs

@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ impl LString {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Bytes<'a>(Copied<slice::Iter<'a, u8>>);
 
-impl<'a> Iterator for Bytes<'a> {
+impl Iterator for Bytes<'_> {
 	type Item = u8;
 
 	#[inline]
@@ -662,19 +662,19 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for Bytes<'a> {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<'a> ExactSizeIterator for Bytes<'a> {
+impl ExactSizeIterator for Bytes<'_> {
 	#[inline]
 	fn len(&self) -> usize {
 		self.0.len()
 	}
 }
 
-impl<'a> FusedIterator for Bytes<'a> {}
+impl FusedIterator for Bytes<'_> {}
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct LosslessChars<'a>(&'a [u8]);
 
-impl<'a> Iterator for LosslessChars<'a> {
+impl Iterator for LosslessChars<'_> {
 	type Item = Result<char, u8>;
 
 	#[inline]
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for LosslessChars<'a> {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for LosslessChars<'a> {
+impl DoubleEndedIterator for LosslessChars<'_> {
 	fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
 		let (new_bytes, res) = next_codepoint_back(self.0)?;
 		self.0 = new_bytes;
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for LosslessChars<'a> {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct LosslessCharsIndices<'a>(&'a [u8], usize);
 
-impl<'a> Iterator for LosslessCharsIndices<'a> {
+impl Iterator for LosslessCharsIndices<'_> {
 	type Item = (usize, Result<char, u8>);
 
 	#[inline]
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for LosslessCharsIndices<'a> {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for LosslessCharsIndices<'a> {
+impl DoubleEndedIterator for LosslessCharsIndices<'_> {
 	fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
 		let (new_bytes, res) = next_codepoint_back(self.0)?;
 		self.0 = new_bytes;
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for LosslessCharsIndices<'a> {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Chars<'a>(LosslessChars<'a>);
 
-impl<'a> Iterator for Chars<'a> {
+impl Iterator for Chars<'_> {
 	type Item = char;
 
 	#[inline]
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for Chars<'a> {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for Chars<'a> {
+impl DoubleEndedIterator for Chars<'_> {
 	fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
 		loop {
 			if let Ok(c) = self.0.next_back()? {
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for Chars<'a> {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct CharsIndices<'a>(LosslessCharsIndices<'a>);
 
-impl<'a> Iterator for CharsIndices<'a> {
+impl Iterator for CharsIndices<'_> {
 	type Item = (usize, char);
 
 	#[inline]
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for CharsIndices<'a> {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for CharsIndices<'a> {
+impl DoubleEndedIterator for CharsIndices<'_> {
 	fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
 		loop {
 			if let (index, Ok(c)) = self.0.next_back()? {

talc-lang/src/number/int.rs

@@ -376,9 +376,7 @@ impl ops::Shl for &Int {
 	type Output = Int;
 
 	fn shl(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
-		if rhs.is_negative() {
-			panic!("attempt to shift left with negative")
-		}
+		assert!(!rhs.is_negative(), "attempt to shift left with negative");
 		let Some(rhs) = rhs.to_u32() else {
 			panic!("shift left overflow")
 		};
@@ -417,9 +415,7 @@ impl ops::ShlAssign<i64> for Int {
 impl ops::Shr for &Int {
 	type Output = Int;
 	fn shr(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
-		if rhs.is_negative() {
-			panic!("attempt to shift right with negative")
-		}
+		assert!(!rhs.is_negative(), "attempt to shift right with negative");
 		let Some(rhs) = rhs.to_u32() else {
 			return Int::ZERO
 		};
@@ -899,7 +895,7 @@ impl Int {
 	}
 
 	pub fn modinv(&self, modulus: &Int) -> Option<Int> {
-		self.to_big().modinv(&modulus.to_big()).map(|v| v.into())
+		self.to_big().modinv(&modulus.to_big()).map(Into::into)
 	}
 
 	pub fn isignum(&self) -> i64 {
@@ -926,6 +922,46 @@ impl Int {
 		}
 	}
 
+	pub fn trailing_ones(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+		match self.expand() {
+			IntType::Int(-1) => None,
+			IntType::Int(n) => Some(n.trailing_ones() as u64),
+			IntType::Big(n) => (!n).trailing_zeros(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn count_zeros(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+		if !self.is_negative() {
+			return None
+		}
+		match self.expand() {
+			IntType::Int(n) => Some(n.count_zeros() as u64),
+			IntType::Big(n) => {
+				let mut count = 0;
+				for digit in n.iter_u64_digits() {
+					count += digit.count_zeros() as u64;
+				}
+				Some(count)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn count_ones(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+		if self.is_negative() {
+			return None
+		}
+		match self.expand() {
+			IntType::Int(n) => Some(n.count_ones() as u64),
+			IntType::Big(n) => {
+				let mut count = 0;
+				for digit in n.iter_u64_digits() {
+					count += digit.count_ones() as u64;
+				}
+				Some(count)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn eq_i64(&self, n: i64) -> bool {
 		self.to_i64().is_some_and(|v| v == n)

talc-lang/src/number/range.rs

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ impl Range {
 		let Some(s) = &self.start else { return None };
 		Some(RangeIterator {
 			cur: s.into(),
-			end: self.end.as_ref().map(|e| e.into()),
+			end: self.end.as_ref().map(Into::into),
 			inclusive: self.inclusive,
 			done: false,
 		})
@@ -127,16 +127,8 @@ impl Range {
 
 	pub fn index_slice<'a, T>(&self, l: &'a [T]) -> &'a [T] {
 		let len = l.len();
-		let s = self
-			.start
-			.as_ref()
-			.map(|s| to_slice_index(s, len))
-			.unwrap_or(0);
-		let e = self
-			.end
-			.as_ref()
-			.map(|e| to_slice_index(e, len))
-			.unwrap_or(len);
+		let s = self.start.as_ref().map_or(0, |s| to_slice_index(s, len));
+		let e = self.end.as_ref().map_or(len, |e| to_slice_index(e, len));
 		let e = if self.inclusive {
 			e.saturating_add(1).min(len)
 		} else {
@@ -150,16 +142,8 @@ impl Range {
 
 	pub fn replace_range<T: Clone>(&self, l: &mut Vec<T>, rep: &[T]) {
 		let len = l.len();
-		let s = self
-			.start
-			.as_ref()
-			.map(|s| to_slice_index(s, len))
-			.unwrap_or(0);
-		let e = self
-			.end
-			.as_ref()
-			.map(|e| to_slice_index(e, len))
-			.unwrap_or(len);
+		let s = self.start.as_ref().map_or(0, |s| to_slice_index(s, len));
+		let e = self.end.as_ref().map_or(len, |e| to_slice_index(e, len));
 		let e = if self.inclusive {
 			e.saturating_add(1).min(len)
 		} else {

talc-lang/src/number/ratio.rs

@@ -18,9 +18,12 @@ impl From<&Int> for Ratio {
 }
 
 pub trait RatioExt: Sized {
+	#[must_use]
 	fn div_euclid(&self, n: &Self) -> Self;
+	#[must_use]
 	fn rem_euclid(&self, n: &Self) -> Self;
 	fn to_f64_uc(&self) -> f64;
+	#[must_use]
 	fn approximate_float(x: f64) -> Option<Self>;
 }
 
@@ -50,12 +53,10 @@ impl RatioExt for Ratio {
 	}
 
 	fn approximate_float(x: f64) -> Option<Self> {
-		match Rational64::approximate_float(x) {
-			Some(r) => {
+		if let Some(r) = Rational64::approximate_float(x) {
 			let r = Ratio::new((*r.numer()).into(), (*r.denom()).into());
 			Some(r)
-			}
-			None => {
+		} else {
 			let mut y = x;
 			if y.abs() < 1.0 {
 				y = 1.0 / y;
@@ -69,5 +70,4 @@ impl RatioExt for Ratio {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	}
 }

talc-lang/src/optimize.rs

@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ fn optimize_ex(expr: &mut Expr) {
 fn optimize_ex_with(expr: &mut Expr, state: OptState) {
 	let span = expr.span;
 	match &mut expr.kind {
-		ExprKind::Literal(_) => (),
-		ExprKind::Ident(_) => (),
-		ExprKind::Var(_) => (),
-		ExprKind::Global(_) => (),
+		ExprKind::Literal(_)
+		| ExprKind::Ident(_)
+		| ExprKind::Var(_)
+		| ExprKind::Global(_) => (),
 		ExprKind::UnaryOp(o, e) => {
 			optimize_ex(e);
 			if let Some(a) = e.value() {
@@ -218,9 +218,7 @@ fn optimize_ex_with(expr: &mut Expr, state: OptState) {
 
 fn optimize_lv(e: &mut LValue) {
 	match &mut e.kind {
-		LValueKind::Ident(_) => (),
-		LValueKind::Var(_) => (),
-		LValueKind::Global(_) => (),
+		LValueKind::Ident(_) | LValueKind::Var(_) | LValueKind::Global(_) => (),
 		LValueKind::Index(l, r) => {
 			optimize_ex(l);
 			optimize_ex(r);

talc-lang/src/value/mod.rs

@@ -77,18 +77,31 @@ impl Display for Value {
 }
 
 impl Value {
+	#[must_use]
 	pub fn new_list(f: impl FnOnce(&mut Vec<Value>)) -> Self {
 		let mut list = Vec::new();
 		f(&mut list);
 		list.into()
 	}
 
+	#[must_use]
+	#[expect(clippy::mutable_key_type)]
 	pub fn new_table(f: impl FnOnce(&mut HashMap<HashValue, Value>)) -> Self {
 		let mut table = HashMap::new();
 		f(&mut table);
 		table.into()
 	}
 
+	#[must_use]
+	pub fn empty_list() -> Self {
+		Vec::new().into()
+	}
+
+	#[must_use]
+	pub fn empty_table() -> Self {
+		HashMap::new().into()
+	}
+
 	pub fn write_to_lstring(
 		&self,
 		w: &mut LString,

talc-lang/src/value/ops.rs

@@ -438,6 +438,7 @@ impl Value {
 				Ok(V::String(s.into()))
 			}
 			(V::Table(t1), V::Table(t2)) => {
+				#[expect(clippy::mutable_key_type)]
 				let mut t = t1.borrow().clone();
 				t.extend(t2.borrow().iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.clone(), v.clone())));
 				Ok(t.into())
@@ -508,13 +509,15 @@ impl Value {
 		thread_local! {
 			static RANGE_ALL: Rc<Range> = Rc::new(Range::range_all());
 		}
-		Self::Range(RANGE_ALL.with(|x| x.clone()))
+		Self::Range(RANGE_ALL.with(Clone::clone))
 	}
 
+	#[must_use]
 	pub fn to_cell(self) -> Self {
 		Value::Cell(Rc::new(RefCell::new(self)))
 	}
 
+	#[must_use]
 	pub fn iter_unpack(self) -> Option<Self> {
 		match self {
 			Self::Symbol(s) if s == *SYM_END_ITERATION => None,
@@ -522,6 +525,7 @@ impl Value {
 		}
 	}
 
+	#[must_use]
 	pub fn iter_pack(v: Option<Self>) -> Self {
 		match v {
 			Some(v) => v,

talc-lang/src/vm.rs

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ impl Vm {
 						frame.ip = catch.addr;
 						frame.locals.truncate(table.local_count);
 						self.stack.truncate(try_frame.stack_len);
-						self.stack.push(Value::Table(exc.to_table()));
+						self.stack.push(exc.to_value());
 						return Ok(())
 					}
 				}
@@ -411,11 +411,9 @@ impl Vm {
 				let Value::List(list) = list else {
 					panic!("not a list")
 				};
-				match ext {
-					Value::List(ext) => {
+				if let Value::List(ext) = ext {
 					list.borrow_mut().extend_from_slice(ext.borrow().as_slice());
-					}
-					_ => {
+				} else {
 					let mut list = list.borrow_mut();
 					let f = ext.to_iter_function()?;
 					loop {
@@ -427,10 +425,10 @@ impl Vm {
 						}
 					}
 				}
-				}
 				self.push(Value::List(list));
 			}
 			// [k0,v0...kn,vn] -.> [{k0=v0...kn=vn}]
+			#[expect(clippy::mutable_key_type)]
 			I::NewTable(n) => {
 				let n = n as usize;
 				let mut table = HashMap::new();

talc-macros/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.68.2"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [lib]
 proc-macro = true
 

talc-std/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.81.0"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
 talc-lang = { path = "../talc-lang" }
 talc-macros = { path = "../talc-macros" }

talc-std/src/exception.rs

@@ -19,14 +19,11 @@ pub fn throw(_: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
 
 #[native_func(1)]
 pub fn rethrow(_: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
-	let [_, table] = unpack_args!(args);
-	if let Value::Table(table) = table {
-		if let Some(e) = Exception::from_table(&table) {
-			return Err(e)
-		}
+	let [_, exc] = unpack_args!(args);
+	let Some(e) = Exception::from_value(&exc) else {
 		throw!(*SYM_VALUE_ERROR, "rethrow: argument not a valid exception")
-	}
-	throw!(*SYM_TYPE_ERROR, "rethrow expected table")
+	};
+	Err(e)
 }
 
 pub fn load(vm: &mut Vm) {

talc-std/src/format.rs

@@ -210,14 +210,11 @@ fn get_arg<'a>(
 	n: Option<usize>,
 	faidx: &mut usize,
 ) -> Result<&'a Value> {
-	let i = match n {
-		Some(n) => n,
-		None => {
+	let i = n.unwrap_or_else(|| {
 		let i = *faidx;
 		*faidx += 1;
 		i
-		}
-	};
+	});
 	if i >= args.len() {
 		throw!(
 			*SYM_FORMAT_ERROR,
@@ -259,13 +256,11 @@ fn format_float(
 	let res = match (prec, ty) {
 		(None, FmtType::Str) => write!(buf, "{}", Value::Float(f)),
 		(None, FmtType::Repr) => write!(buf, "{:#}", Value::Float(f)),
-		(None, FmtType::Exp(true)) => write!(buf, "{:E}", f),
-		(None, FmtType::Exp(false)) => write!(buf, "{:e}", f),
-		(Some(p), FmtType::Str) | (Some(p), FmtType::Repr) => {
-			write!(buf, "{0:.1$}", f, p)
-		}
-		(Some(p), FmtType::Exp(true)) => write!(buf, "{0:.1$E}", f, p),
-		(Some(p), FmtType::Exp(false)) => write!(buf, "{0:.1$e}", f, p),
+		(None, FmtType::Exp(true)) => write!(buf, "{f:E}"),
+		(None, FmtType::Exp(false)) => write!(buf, "{f:e}"),
+		(Some(p), FmtType::Str | FmtType::Repr) => write!(buf, "{f:.p$}"),
+		(Some(p), FmtType::Exp(true)) => write!(buf, "{f:.p$E}"),
+		(Some(p), FmtType::Exp(false)) => write!(buf, "{f:.p$e}"),
 		_ => throw!(*SYM_FORMAT_ERROR, "invalid format specifier for {ty_name}"),
 	};
 	res.map_err(|e| exception!(*SYM_FORMAT_ERROR, "{e}"))
@@ -279,9 +274,9 @@ fn format_complex(
 ) -> Result<()> {
 	format_float(cx.re, prec, ty, buf, "complex")?;
 	if cx.im < 0.0 {
-		buf.push_char('-')
+		buf.push_char('-');
 	} else {
-		buf.push_char('+')
+		buf.push_char('+');
 	}
 	format_float(cx.im.abs(), prec, ty, buf, "complex")?;
 	Ok(())
@@ -298,7 +293,7 @@ fn format_int(
 		throw!(*SYM_FORMAT_ERROR, "invalid format specifier for {ty_name}")
 	}
 	let res = match ty {
-		FmtType::Str | FmtType::Repr => write!(buf, "{}", n),
+		FmtType::Str | FmtType::Repr => write!(buf, "{n}"),
 		FmtType::Hex(caps) => write!(buf, "{}", n.to_str_radix_case(16, caps)),
 		FmtType::Oct => write!(buf, "{}", n.to_str_radix(8)),
 		FmtType::Sex => write!(buf, "{}", n.to_str_radix(6)),
@@ -330,8 +325,8 @@ fn format_value(
 		throw!(*SYM_FORMAT_ERROR, "invalid format specifier for value")
 	}
 	let res = match ty {
-		FmtType::Str => write!(buf, "{}", v),
-		FmtType::Repr => write!(buf, "{:#}", v),
+		FmtType::Str => write!(buf, "{v}"),
+		FmtType::Repr => write!(buf, "{v:#}"),
 		_ => throw!(*SYM_FORMAT_ERROR, "invalid format specifier for value"),
 	};
 	res.map_err(|e| exception!(*SYM_FORMAT_ERROR, "{e}"))
@@ -344,7 +339,7 @@ fn format_string(
 	buf: &mut LString,
 ) -> Result<()> {
 	if let Some(prec) = prec {
-		s = &s[..prec]
+		s = &s[..prec];
 	}
 	let res = match ty {
 		FmtType::Str => {
@@ -359,7 +354,7 @@ fn format_string(
 
 fn pad_str(n: usize, c: char, buf: &mut LString) {
 	for _ in 0..n {
-		buf.push_char(c)
+		buf.push_char(c);
 	}
 }
 

talc-std/src/ints.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use talc_lang::{
 	exception::Result,
-	number::Int,
+	number::{Int, IntType},
 	prelude::*,
 	symbol::{SYM_TYPE_ERROR, SYM_VALUE_ERROR},
 	throw,
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ fn is_prime_inner(n: &Int) -> bool {
 
 fn pollard_rho(n: &Int, a: Int, b: &Int) -> Option<Int> {
 	let mut x = a.clone();
-	let mut y = a.clone();
+	let mut y = a;
 	let mut d = Int::ONE;
 	while d.eq_i64(1) {
 		x = &(&(&x * &x) + b) % n;
@@ -194,6 +194,11 @@ pub fn load(vm: &mut Vm) {
 	vm.set_global_name("iroot", iroot().into());
 
 	vm.set_global_name("jacobi", jacobi().into());
+
+	vm.set_global_name("ctz", ctz().into());
+	vm.set_global_name("cto", cto().into());
+	vm.set_global_name("bitcnt", bitcnt().into());
+	vm.set_global_name("popcnt", popcnt().into());
 }
 
 #[native_func(1)]
@@ -239,9 +244,9 @@ pub fn totient(_: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
 	for factor in factorize(&n) {
 		if last_factor != factor {
 			res *= &factor - 1;
-			last_factor = factor
+			last_factor = factor;
 		} else {
-			res *= factor
+			res *= factor;
 		}
 	}
 	Ok(res.into())
@@ -391,9 +396,8 @@ pub fn jacobi(_: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
 	if n.is_zero() {
 		if a.to_i32().is_some_and(|v| v == -1 || v == 1) {
 			return Ok(Value::from(1))
-		} else {
-			return Ok(Value::from(0))
 		}
+		return Ok(Value::from(0))
 	}
 
 	// (k|l) = 0 if gcd(k,l) != 1
@@ -446,7 +450,62 @@ pub fn jacobi(_: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
 	}
 	if n.to_u32().is_some_and(|v| v == 1) {
 		return Ok(Value::from(res))
-	} else {
+	}
 	return Ok(Value::from(0))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+pub fn ctz(_: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+	let [_, n] = unpack_args!(args);
+	let Value::Int(n) = n else {
+		throw!(*SYM_TYPE_ERROR, "ctz expected integer, got {n:#}")
+	};
+	if let Some(n) = n.trailing_zeros() {
+		Ok(Int::from(n).into())
+	} else {
+		Ok(0.into())
+	}
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+pub fn cto(_: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+	let [_, n] = unpack_args!(args);
+	let Value::Int(n) = n else {
+		throw!(*SYM_TYPE_ERROR, "cto expected integer, got {n:#}")
+	};
+	if let Some(n) = n.trailing_ones() {
+		Ok(Int::from(n).into())
+	} else {
+		Ok(0.into())
+	}
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+pub fn bitcnt(_: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+	let [_, n] = unpack_args!(args);
+	let Value::Int(n) = n else {
+		throw!(*SYM_TYPE_ERROR, "cto expected integer, got {n:#}")
+	};
+	let cnt = match n.expand() {
+		IntType::Int(n) => 64 - n.leading_ones().max(n.leading_zeros()) as u64,
+		IntType::Big(b) => b.bits(),
+	};
+	Ok(Int::from(cnt).into())
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+pub fn popcnt(_: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+	let [_, n] = unpack_args!(args);
+	let Value::Int(n) = n else {
+		throw!(*SYM_TYPE_ERROR, "cto expected integer, got {n:#}")
+	};
+	if n.is_negative() {
+		// count_zeros always succeeds on negative numbers
+		let z = n.count_zeros().unwrap();
+		Ok(Value::from(-(z as i64)))
+	} else {
+		// count_ones always succeeds on nonnegative numbers
+		let z = n.count_ones().unwrap();
+		Ok(Value::from(z as i64))
 	}
 }

talc-std/src/iter.rs

@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ pub fn mean(vm: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
 	sum / count
 }
 
-fn variance_inner(vm: &mut Vm, iter: Value, pop: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+fn variance_inner(vm: &mut Vm, iter: &Value, pop: bool) -> Result<Value> {
 	let mut m = Value::Float(0.0);
 	let mut s = Value::Float(0.0);
 	let mut k = 1;
@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ pub fn variance(vm: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
 	let [_, iter] = unpack_args!(args);
 	let iter = iter.to_iter_function()?;
 
-	variance_inner(vm, iter, false)
+	variance_inner(vm, &iter, false)
 }
 
 #[native_func(1)]
@@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ pub fn stdev(vm: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
 	let [_, iter] = unpack_args!(args);
 	let iter = iter.to_iter_function()?;
 
-	let v = variance_inner(vm, iter, false)?;
+	let v = variance_inner(vm, &iter, false)?;
 	Ok(match v {
 		Value::Int(n) => Value::Float(n.to_f64_uc().sqrt()),
 		Value::Float(f) => Value::Float(f.sqrt()),
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ pub fn pvariance(vm: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
 	let [_, iter] = unpack_args!(args);
 	let iter = iter.to_iter_function()?;
 
-	variance_inner(vm, iter, true)
+	variance_inner(vm, &iter, true)
 }
 
 #[native_func(1)]
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ pub fn pstdev(vm: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
 	let [_, iter] = unpack_args!(args);
 	let iter = iter.to_iter_function()?;
 
-	let v = variance_inner(vm, iter, true)?;
+	let v = variance_inner(vm, &iter, true)?;
 	Ok(match v {
 		Value::Int(n) => Value::Float(n.to_f64_uc().sqrt()),
 		Value::Float(f) => Value::Float(f.sqrt()),
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ pub fn pstdev(vm: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
 struct OrdValue(Value);
 impl std::cmp::Eq for OrdValue {}
 
-#[allow(clippy::derive_ord_xor_partial_ord)]
+#[expect(clippy::derive_ord_xor_partial_ord)]
 impl std::cmp::Ord for OrdValue {
 	fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
 		self.partial_cmp(other).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Less)

talc-std/src/regex.rs

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ fn match_to_value(m: Match) -> Value {
 	})
 }
 
-fn captures_to_value(cs: Captures) -> Value {
+fn captures_to_value(cs: &Captures) -> Value {
 	cs.iter()
 		.map(|c| c.map_or(Value::Nil, match_to_value))
 		.collect::<Vec<Value>>()
@@ -178,7 +178,10 @@ pub fn captures_once(_: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
 		throw!(*SYM_VALUE_ERROR, "search string must be valid UTF-8")
 	};
 	let re = regex_from(&re, "captures_once")?;
-	Ok(re.captures(s).map_or(Value::Nil, captures_to_value))
+	Ok(re
+		.captures(s)
+		.as_ref()
+		.map_or(Value::Nil, captures_to_value))
 }
 
 #[native_func(2)]
@@ -193,7 +196,7 @@ pub fn captures(_: &mut Vm, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
 	let re = regex_from(&re, "captures")?;
 	Ok(re
 		.captures_iter(s)
-		.map(captures_to_value)
+		.map(|cap| captures_to_value(&cap))
 		.collect::<Vec<Value>>()
 		.into())
 }